Politifact EDA

Dataset statistics

Number of variables	13
Number of observations	789
Missing cells	0
Missing cells (%)	0.0%
Duplicate rows	0
Duplicate rows (%)	0.0%
Total size in memory	80.3 KiB
Average record size in memory	104.2 B

Variable types

Categorical	2
Numeric	11

Alerts

`id` has a high cardinality: 787 distinct values	High cardinality
`num_nodes` is highly correlated with `num_tweets` and 5 other fields	High correlation
`num_tweets` is highly correlated with `num_nodes` and 4 other fields	High correlation
`avg_num_retweet` is highly correlated with `num_nodes` and 5 other fields	High correlation
`retweet_perc` is highly correlated with `avg_num_retweet`	High correlation
`num_users` is highly correlated with `num_nodes` and 5 other fields	High correlation
`total_propagation_time` is highly correlated with `num_nodes` and 5 other fields	High correlation
`avg_num_followers` is highly correlated with `avg_num_retweet`	High correlation
`avg_time_diff` is highly correlated with `num_nodes` and 5 other fields	High correlation
`users_10h` is highly correlated with `num_nodes` and 4 other fields	High correlation
`num_nodes` is highly correlated with `num_tweets` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`num_tweets` is highly correlated with `num_nodes` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`avg_num_retweet` is highly correlated with `retweet_perc`	High correlation
`retweet_perc` is highly correlated with `avg_num_retweet`	High correlation
`num_users` is highly correlated with `num_nodes` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`users_10h` is highly correlated with `num_tweets`	High correlation
`num_nodes` is highly correlated with `num_tweets` and 4 other fields	High correlation
`num_tweets` is highly correlated with `num_nodes` and 3 other fields	High correlation
`avg_num_retweet` is highly correlated with `retweet_perc`	High correlation
`retweet_perc` is highly correlated with `avg_num_retweet`	High correlation
`num_users` is highly correlated with `num_nodes` and 4 other fields	High correlation
`total_propagation_time` is highly correlated with `num_nodes` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`avg_time_diff` is highly correlated with `num_nodes` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`users_10h` is highly correlated with `num_nodes` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`label` is highly correlated with `total_propagation_time`	High correlation
`num_nodes` is highly correlated with `num_tweets` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`num_tweets` is highly correlated with `num_nodes` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`avg_num_retweet` is highly correlated with `retweet_perc`	High correlation
`retweet_perc` is highly correlated with `avg_num_retweet`	High correlation
`num_users` is highly correlated with `num_nodes` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`total_propagation_time` is highly correlated with `label` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`avg_num_followers` is highly correlated with `avg_num_friends`	High correlation
`avg_num_friends` is highly correlated with `avg_num_followers`	High correlation
`perc_post_1_hour` is highly correlated with `total_propagation_time`	High correlation
`users_10h` is highly correlated with `num_tweets` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`avg_num_followers` is highly skewed (γ1 = 20.9278475)	Skewed
`avg_time_diff` is highly skewed (γ1 = 25.6748825)	Skewed
`id` is uniformly distributed	Uniform
`avg_num_retweet` has 147 (18.6%) zeros	Zeros
`avg_time_diff` has 147 (18.6%) zeros	Zeros

Reproduction

Analysis started	2021-11-08 10:28:24.128919
Analysis finished	2021-11-08 10:29:03.476649
Duration	39.35 seconds
Software version	pandas-profiling v3.1.0
Download configuration	config.json

label
Categorical

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	2
Distinct (%)	0.3%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	6.3 KiB

real	404
fake	385

Length

Max length	4
Median length	4
Mean length	4
Min length	4

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	0
Distinct characters	0
Distinct categories	0 ?
Distinct scripts	0 ?
Distinct blocks	0 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	fake
2nd row	fake
3rd row	fake
4th row	fake
5th row	fake

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
real	404	51.2%
fake	385	48.8%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Pie chart

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
real	404	51.2%
fake	385	48.8%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per category

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per script

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per block

num_nodes
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	441
Distinct (%)	55.9%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	1332.382763

Minimum	2
Maximum	53494
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	6.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	2
5-th percentile	2.4
Q1	17
median	106
Q3	646
95-th percentile	5084.2
Maximum	53494
Range	53492
Interquartile range (IQR)	629

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	4850.472585
Coefficient of variation (CV)	3.640449816
Kurtosis	60.22852804
Mean	1332.382763
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	102
Skewness	7.098983769
Sum	1051250
Variance	23527084.3
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	40	5.1%
3	25	3.2%
4	21	2.7%
6	17	2.2%
5	14	1.8%
7	10	1.3%
10	10	1.3%
11	9	1.1%
9	9	1.1%
16	8	1.0%
Other values (431)	626	79.3%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	40	5.1%
3	25	3.2%
4	21	2.7%
5	14	1.8%
6	17	2.2%
7	10	1.3%
8	8	1.0%
9	9	1.1%
10	10	1.3%
11	9	1.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
53494	1	0.1%
53351	1	0.1%
51830	1	0.1%
37400	1	0.1%
35379	1	0.1%
30344	1	0.1%
28745	1	0.1%
27949	1	0.1%
24713	1	0.1%
21039	1	0.1%

num_tweets
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	372
Distinct (%)	47.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	538.7097592

Minimum	1
Maximum	21831
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	6.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	1
Q1	11
median	67
Q3	358
95-th percentile	2038.8
Maximum	21831
Range	21830
Interquartile range (IQR)	347

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1739.514509
Coefficient of variation (CV)	3.229038419
Kurtosis	67.51485632
Mean	538.7097592
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	64
Skewness	7.335307488
Sum	425042
Variance	3025910.727
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	49	6.2%
2	33	4.2%
4	22	2.8%
5	18	2.3%
3	15	1.9%
8	14	1.8%
9	13	1.6%
10	12	1.5%
11	11	1.4%
19	10	1.3%
Other values (362)	592	75.0%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	49	6.2%
2	33	4.2%
3	15	1.9%
4	22	2.8%
5	18	2.3%
6	9	1.1%
7	8	1.0%
8	14	1.8%
9	13	1.6%
10	12	1.5%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
21831	1	0.1%
20696	1	0.1%
14518	1	0.1%
13612	1	0.1%
12316	1	0.1%
10719	1	0.1%
10491	1	0.1%
9823	1	0.1%
8838	1	0.1%
8734	1	0.1%

avg_num_retweet
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
ZEROS

Distinct	553
Distinct (%)	70.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.9363495261

Minimum	0
Maximum	19
Zeros	147
Zeros (%)	18.6%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	6.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0.09278350515
median	0.4179566563
Q3	1.14747191
95-th percentile	3.238540323
Maximum	19
Range	19
Interquartile range (IQR)	1.054688405

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.661498809
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.774442943
Kurtosis	40.32133563
Mean	0.9363495261
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.4179566563
Skewness	5.292222977
Sum	738.7797761
Variance	2.760578292
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	147	18.6%
0.5	14	1.8%
0.25	9	1.1%
1	9	1.1%
0.2	8	1.0%
0.3333333333	5	0.6%
0.1428571429	4	0.5%
0.4	4	0.5%
0.1176470588	3	0.4%
0.1666666667	3	0.4%
Other values (543)	583	73.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	147	18.6%
0.006849315068	1	0.1%
0.01090909091	1	0.1%
0.01315789474	1	0.1%
0.01923076923	1	0.1%
0.02298850575	1	0.1%
0.02372479241	1	0.1%
0.02857142857	1	0.1%
0.02912621359	1	0.1%
0.02941176471	2	0.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
19	1	0.1%
16.6	1	0.1%
14	1	0.1%
12.61111111	1	0.1%
11.69444444	1	0.1%
11.30769231	1	0.1%
9.5	1	0.1%
8	1	0.1%
7.25	1	0.1%
7	2	0.3%

retweet_perc
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	573
Distinct (%)	72.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.3835610884

Minimum	0.008
Maximum	0.950310559
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	6.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.008
5-th percentile	0.05902293121
Q1	0.1954137587
median	0.3532526475
Q3	0.5452926775
95-th percentile	0.7641368061
Maximum	0.950310559
Range	0.942310559
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.3498789188

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.2243638211
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.5849493807
Kurtosis	-0.8365782799
Mean	0.3835610884
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.1746812189
Skewness	0.3185999007
Sum	302.6296987
Variance	0.05033912422
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.5	49	6.2%
0.3333333333	28	3.5%
0.25	19	2.4%
0.1666666667	16	2.0%
0.2	16	2.0%
0.6666666667	10	1.3%
0.1428571429	9	1.1%
0.125	8	1.0%
0.1111111111	7	0.9%
0.1	6	0.8%
Other values (563)	621	78.7%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.008	1	0.1%
0.009708737864	1	0.1%
0.01149425287	1	0.1%
0.01351351351	1	0.1%
0.01428571429	1	0.1%
0.01433691756	1	0.1%
0.01960784314	1	0.1%
0.02173913043	1	0.1%
0.02430555556	1	0.1%
0.02564102564	1	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.950310559	1	0.1%
0.9438202247	1	0.1%
0.9375	1	0.1%
0.9266304348	1	0.1%
0.9212684527	1	0.1%
0.9192546584	1	0.1%
0.9090909091	1	0.1%
0.9	1	0.1%
0.8888888889	1	0.1%
0.8823529412	2	0.3%

num_users
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	423
Distinct (%)	53.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	1106.467681

Minimum	1
Maximum	48066
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	6.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	1
Q1	15
median	96
Q3	569
95-th percentile	4526.2
Maximum	48066
Range	48065
Interquartile range (IQR)	554

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	3940.293362
Coefficient of variation (CV)	3.561146368
Kurtosis	65.36642747
Mean	1106.467681
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	93
Skewness	7.28156878
Sum	873003
Variance	15525911.78
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	43	5.4%
2	29	3.7%
3	21	2.7%
5	15	1.9%
9	14	1.8%
6	13	1.6%
4	13	1.6%
8	12	1.5%
15	9	1.1%
12	8	1.0%
Other values (413)	612	77.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	43	5.4%
2	29	3.7%
3	21	2.7%
4	13	1.6%
5	15	1.9%
6	13	1.6%
7	6	0.8%
8	12	1.5%
9	14	1.8%
10	4	0.5%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
48066	1	0.1%
44391	1	0.1%
40167	1	0.1%
28192	1	0.1%
28127	1	0.1%
23183	1	0.1%
21881	1	0.1%
20444	1	0.1%
19435	1	0.1%
16838	1	0.1%

total_propagation_time
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	769
Distinct (%)	97.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	1484083033

Minimum	1194543862
Maximum	1545067305
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	6.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1194543862
5-th percentile	1265870943
Q1	1489767463
median	1517397109
Q3	1535417754
95-th percentile	1544739306
Maximum	1545067305
Range	350523443
Interquartile range (IQR)	45650291

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	84973658.63
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.05725667416
Kurtosis	2.451961535
Mean	1484083033
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	22118498
Skewness	-1.888460223
Sum	1.170941513 × 10¹²
Variance	7.22052266 × 10¹⁵
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1539087084	4	0.5%
1545051110	3	0.4%
1221218344	2	0.3%
1534247235	2	0.3%
1533664934	2	0.3%
1312377702	2	0.3%
1543824860	2	0.3%
1544995558	2	0.3%
1381319342	2	0.3%
1544042873	2	0.3%
Other values (759)	766	97.1%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1194543862	1	0.1%
1196851024	1	0.1%
1199929252	1	0.1%
1204504837	1	0.1%
1210687097	1	0.1%
1215598054	1	0.1%
1217859326	1	0.1%
1218377359	1	0.1%
1219341865	1	0.1%
1219544725	1	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1545067305	1	0.1%
1545061622	1	0.1%
1545051110	3	0.4%
1545000682	1	0.1%
1544996857	1	0.1%
1544995694	1	0.1%
1544995558	2	0.3%
1544987777	1	0.1%
1544969588	1	0.1%
1544966775	1	0.1%

avg_num_followers
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
SKEWED

Distinct	783
Distinct (%)	99.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	29596.19598

Minimum	0
Maximum	4619920.091
Zeros	1
Zeros (%)	0.1%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	6.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	461.4
Q1	2549
median	6183.75
Q3	18280.88745
95-th percentile	95080.24761
Maximum	4619920.091
Range	4619920.091
Interquartile range (IQR)	15731.88745

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	184480.8795
Coefficient of variation (CV)	6.233263208
Kurtosis	497.2941772
Mean	29596.19598
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	4594.715517
Skewness	20.9278475
Sum	23351398.63
Variance	3.403319491 × 10¹⁰
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1191	2	0.3%
40	2	0.3%
2211.4	2	0.3%
70	2	0.3%
1210.75	2	0.3%
4747.114286	2	0.3%
44573.94118	1	0.1%
5027.409884	1	0.1%
7227.6	1	0.1%
4	1	0.1%
Other values (773)	773	98.0%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	1	0.1%
4	1	0.1%
6	1	0.1%
9	1	0.1%
11	1	0.1%
12	1	0.1%
15	1	0.1%
17.5	1	0.1%
40	2	0.3%
46	1	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
4619920.091	1	0.1%
1523942	1	0.1%
1441710.375	1	0.1%
683587.5497	1	0.1%
414038.9574	1	0.1%
238770.5455	1	0.1%
220332.5629	1	0.1%
211301.2556	1	0.1%
207834.0093	1	0.1%
203024.9535	1	0.1%

avg_num_friends
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	778
Distinct (%)	98.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	3040.327051

Minimum	0
Maximum	47800
Zeros	5
Zeros (%)	0.6%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	6.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	348.3
Q1	1641.142857
median	2492.357088
Q3	3496.014368
95-th percentile	6324.69063
Maximum	47800
Range	47800
Interquartile range (IQR)	1854.871511

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	3402.959364
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.119274113
Kurtosis	72.12175078
Mean	3040.327051
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	925.9095785
Skewness	7.136923169
Sum	2398818.043
Variance	11580132.43
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	5	0.6%
2067.333333	2	0.3%
837.5	2	0.3%
2423.022222	2	0.3%
592.5	2	0.3%
1620.75	2	0.3%
108	2	0.3%
1517.857143	2	0.3%
1330.504762	1	0.1%
2024.447674	1	0.1%
Other values (768)	768	97.3%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	5	0.6%
0.5	1	0.1%
1	1	0.1%
7	1	0.1%
12	1	0.1%
16	1	0.1%
18	1	0.1%
19.5	1	0.1%
21.63768116	1	0.1%
29	1	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
47800	1	0.1%
39428.2	1	0.1%
36248	1	0.1%
28549.5	1	0.1%
21768.8	1	0.1%
21611.6439	1	0.1%
18924.09756	1	0.1%
16817.875	1	0.1%
15809	1	0.1%
15786.81081	1	0.1%

avg_time_diff
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
SKEWED
ZEROS

Distinct	635
Distinct (%)	80.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	201014.9853

Minimum	0
Maximum	63001860
Zeros	147
Zeros (%)	18.6%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	6.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	952.3333333
median	18433.85606
Q3	56366.7474
95-th percentile	406830.5353
Maximum	63001860
Range	63001860
Interquartile range (IQR)	55414.41407

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	2311829.228
Coefficient of variation (CV)	11.50078052
Kurtosis	693.9250338
Mean	201014.9853
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	18433.85606
Skewness	25.6748825
Sum	158600823.4
Variance	5.344554379 × 10¹²
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	147	18.6%
164	3	0.4%
141023.9167	2	0.3%
660.5	2	0.3%
45411.27887	2	0.3%
469469.9619	2	0.3%
212	2	0.3%
3268	2	0.3%
2992214.635	1	0.1%
3359.166667	1	0.1%
Other values (625)	625	79.2%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	147	18.6%
24	1	0.1%
30	1	0.1%
68	1	0.1%
74.75	1	0.1%
85	1	0.1%
94	1	0.1%
107.5	1	0.1%
108	1	0.1%
108.5	1	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
63001860	1	0.1%
9938771.561	1	0.1%
7143712.5	1	0.1%
6593580.556	1	0.1%
3690637.861	1	0.1%
3275925.281	1	0.1%
2992214.635	1	0.1%
2822270.877	1	0.1%
2428317.229	1	0.1%
2098433.243	1	0.1%

perc_post_1_hour
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	575
Distinct (%)	72.9%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.4247681148

Minimum	7.717538105 × 10^-5
Maximum	0.9994655265
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	6.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	7.717538105 × 10^-5
5-th percentile	0.004061802859
Q1	0.05555555556
median	0.3333333333
Q3	0.8
95-th percentile	0.9953074793
Maximum	0.9994655265
Range	0.9993883511
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.7444444444

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.3698604356
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.870734932
Kurtosis	-1.424539745
Mean	0.4247681148
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.3076923077
Skewness	0.3470508877
Sum	335.1420426
Variance	0.1367967418
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.5	55	7.0%
0.3333333333	25	3.2%
0.6666666667	13	1.6%
0.25	13	1.6%
0.2	10	1.3%
0.1666666667	8	1.0%
0.1428571429	6	0.8%
0.09090909091	5	0.6%
0.125	5	0.6%
0.07692307692	5	0.6%
Other values (565)	644	81.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
7.717538105 × 10^-5	1	0.1%
9.05715062 × 10^-5	1	0.1%
0.0001887861053	1	0.1%
0.0002023226642	1	0.1%
0.000526013772	1	0.1%
0.000546149645	1	0.1%
0.0005984440455	1	0.1%
0.0006708638662	1	0.1%
0.0008012820513	1	0.1%
0.0008247268092	1	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.9994655265	1	0.1%
0.9993544222	1	0.1%
0.999229584	1	0.1%
0.9991789819	1	0.1%
0.9991254919	1	0.1%
0.999106345	1	0.1%
0.9990494297	1	0.1%
0.998960499	1	0.1%
0.9989212513	1	0.1%
0.99889989	1	0.1%

users_10h
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	281
Distinct (%)	35.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	166.6539924

Minimum	1
Maximum	3987
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	6.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	1
Q1	3
median	18
Q3	170
95-th percentile	884.2
Maximum	3987
Range	3986
Interquartile range (IQR)	167

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	338.9986534
Coefficient of variation (CV)	2.034146608
Kurtosis	37.18745223
Mean	166.6539924
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	17
Skewness	4.577306066
Sum	131490
Variance	114920.087
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	136	17.2%
2	54	6.8%
3	33	4.2%
4	31	3.9%
6	18	2.3%
5	17	2.2%
8	16	2.0%
7	14	1.8%
9	13	1.6%
10	13	1.6%
Other values (271)	444	56.3%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	136	17.2%
2	54	6.8%
3	33	4.2%
4	31	3.9%
5	17	2.2%
6	18	2.3%
7	14	1.8%
8	16	2.0%
9	13	1.6%
10	13	1.6%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3987	1	0.1%
3750	1	0.1%
1505	1	0.1%
1504	1	0.1%
1496	1	0.1%
1355	1	0.1%
1326	2	0.3%
1244	1	0.1%
1207	1	0.1%
1168	1	0.1%

id
Categorical

HIGH CARDINALITY
UNIFORM

Distinct	787
Distinct (%)	99.7%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	6.3 KiB

politifact14920	2
politifact14940	2
politifact11773	1
politifact15645	1
politifact1467	1
Other values (782)	782

Length

Max length	15
Median length	15
Mean length	14.41825095
Min length	11

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	0
Distinct characters	0
Distinct categories	0 ?
Distinct scripts	0 ?
Distinct blocks	0 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	785 ?
Unique (%)	99.5%

Sample

1st row	politifact11773
2nd row	politifact13038
3rd row	politifact13467
4th row	politifact13468
5th row	politifact13475

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
politifact14920	2	0.3%
politifact14940	2	0.3%
politifact11773	1	0.1%
politifact15645	1	0.1%
politifact1467	1	0.1%
politifact14984	1	0.1%
politifact150	1	0.1%
politifact1500	1	0.1%
politifact15133	1	0.1%
politifact1519	1	0.1%
Other values (777)	777	98.5%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
politifact14920	2	0.3%
politifact14940	2	0.3%
politifact15052	1	0.1%
politifact13815	1	0.1%
politifact13663	1	0.1%
politifact13617	1	0.1%
politifact13560	1	0.1%
politifact13467	1	0.1%
politifact13468	1	0.1%
politifact13475	1	0.1%
Other values (777)	777	98.5%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per category

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per script

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per block

Spearman's ρ

The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a measure of monotonic correlation between two variables, and is therefore better in catching nonlinear monotonic correlations than Pearson's r. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative monotonic correlation, 0 indicating no monotonic correlation and 1 indicating total positive monotonic correlation.

To calculate ρ for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of the rank variables of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Pearson's r

The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of linear correlation between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative linear correlation, 0 indicating no linear correlation and 1 indicating total positive linear correlation. Furthermore, r is invariant under separate changes in location and scale of the two variables, implying that for a linear function the angle to the x-axis does not affect r.

To calculate r for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Kendall's τ

Similarly to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ) measures ordinal association between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative correlation, 0 indicating no correlation and 1 indicating total positive correlation.

To calculate τ for two variables X and Y, one determines the number of concordant and discordant pairs of observations. τ is given by the number of concordant pairs minus the discordant pairs divided by the total number of pairs.

Phik (φk)

Phik (φk) is a new and practical correlation coefficient that works consistently between categorical, ordinal and interval variables, captures non-linear dependency and reverts to the Pearson correlation coefficient in case of a bivariate normal input distribution. There is extensive documentation available here.

Count
Matrix

A simple visualization of nullity by column.

Nullity matrix is a data-dense display which lets you quickly visually pick out patterns in data completion.

First rows

	label	num_nodes	num_tweets	avg_num_retweet	retweet_perc	num_users	total_propagation_time	avg_num_followers	avg_num_friends	avg_time_diff	perc_post_1_hour	users_10h	id
0	fake	124	82	0.500000	0.338710	122	1.454356e+09	6980.203252	5410.723577	66045.631151	0.153226	88	politifact11773
1	fake	12	9	0.222222	0.250000	11	1.486939e+09	2670.454545	1903.000000	28906.500000	0.083333	1	politifact13038
2	fake	59	40	0.450000	0.322034	47	1.543481e+09	3597.689655	871.879310	41604.900000	0.610169	23	politifact13467
3	fake	333	219	0.515982	0.342342	316	1.524245e+09	109006.966867	2361.521084	160908.689676	0.453453	207	politifact13468
4	fake	1530	712	1.147472	0.534641	1421	1.506620e+09	3942.915631	3699.542184	90408.423591	0.001307	3	politifact13475
5	fake	882	584	0.508562	0.337868	854	1.494678e+09	12791.253121	2478.771850	35012.889954	0.218821	574	politifact13496
6	fake	28	23	0.173913	0.178571	26	1.480380e+09	1225.592593	1586.703704	12304.333333	0.428571	19	politifact13501
7	fake	2906	931	2.120301	0.679628	2331	1.544116e+09	11901.487091	3328.499484	57791.474943	0.662423	643	politifact13515
8	fake	533	262	1.030534	0.508443	496	1.481783e+09	3818.498120	3862.229323	16331.203157	0.026266	236	politifact13544
9	fake	3	2	0.000000	0.333333	2	1.468308e+09	5077.500000	5514.000000	0.000000	0.333333	1	politifact13557

Last rows

	label	num_nodes	num_tweets	avg_num_retweet	retweet_perc	num_users	total_propagation_time	avg_num_followers	avg_num_friends	avg_time_diff	perc_post_1_hour	users_10h	id
779	real	6798	1995	2.407018	0.706531	6297	1.544845e+09	9175.769604	2731.309843	61589.544795	0.684466	988	politifact968
780	real	59	47	0.234043	0.203390	52	1.412157e+09	31973.172414	13116.586207	2557.301587	0.796610	41	politifact9691
781	real	5	4	0.000000	0.200000	4	1.343229e+09	1121.250000	511.250000	0.000000	0.200000	1	politifact975
782	real	137	130	0.046154	0.051095	116	1.415111e+09	19001.161765	3143.779412	3005.555556	0.985401	109	politifact976
783	real	447	268	0.664179	0.400447	371	1.529078e+09	211301.255605	1868.378924	13801.252746	0.988814	219	politifact979
784	real	579	144	3.013889	0.751295	530	1.539831e+09	105249.032872	1702.243945	46025.465112	0.768566	106	politifact98
785	real	281	163	0.717791	0.419929	202	1.508847e+09	11056.696429	3144.557143	18515.561887	0.120996	47	politifact9802
786	real	8	7	0.000000	0.125000	7	1.221920e+09	119306.714286	1641.142857	0.000000	0.875000	7	politifact986
787	real	5804	1862	2.116541	0.679187	5261	1.544043e+09	70813.819921	2289.453903	54490.623518	0.465886	1008	politifact99
788	real	70	69	0.000000	0.014286	3	1.496078e+09	6697.695652	21.637681	0.000000	0.014286	1	politifact997

Overview

Variables

Common Values

Length

Pie chart

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

Common Values

Length

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

Interactions

Correlations

Spearman's ρ

Pearson's r

Kendall's τ

Phik (φk)

Missing values

Sample

First rows

Last rows